Effect of Teneligliptin 20 mg Twice Daily on Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Levels and Its Influence on Non-Glycemic Components in Non-Diabetic Obese Individuals.

Background and Aims: Teneligliptin is an oral antidiabetic agent, it can persevere glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) by inhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase enzyme. In addition, it has rare incidence of hypoglycemia. Hence, this study aimed to test the effect of teneligliptin 20 mg twice daily along with low carbohydrate diet and physical exercise on change of body weight and insulin resistance in nondiabetic obese subjects. Materials and Methods: It is a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study carried out at outpatient department of an endocrinology hospital over the period of 48 weeks. Teneligliptin 20 mg twice daily 30 min before food (low carbohydrate diet [LCD]) with regular physical exercise, and control group was kept with placebo twice daily 30 min before food LCD with regular physical exercise. This study was registered in clinical trial registry of India [CTRI/2020/02/023329]. Results: A total of 150 nondiabetic obese subjects were randomized into test (n = 75) and control groups (n = 75). At the end of 48 weeks there was significant improvement in GLP-1, simplified nutrition assessment questionnaire (SNAQ) score, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglycerides (TG), and body weight. The mean difference and 95% confidence interval of GLP-1 (pg/mL) was 76.42 (44.42-148.41) (P = 0.37); SNAQ score, -1.64 (-2.48 to -0.81) (P = 0.000); HOMA-IR, -0.9 (-0.59 to -0.38) (P = 0.000); TG (mg/dL) -29.37 (-44.46 to -14.07) (P = 0.000); reduction of body weight (kilograms) -3.09 (-6.11 to -0.07) (P = 0.043). Conclusion: Findings of this study reveals that teneligliptin-treated group showed significant improvement in GLP-1 levels, reduced insulin resistance, body weight, TG, appetite, and metabolic syndrome. Teneligliptin is well tolerated, except in upper respiratory tract infections. CTR number: CTRI/2020/02/023329.

Emerging Role of Biopharmaceutical Classification and Biopharmaceutical Drug Disposition System in Dosage form Development: A Systematic Review.

Biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) is an advanced tool used for classifying medicines based on dissolution, water solubility, and intestinal permeability, which affect the absorption of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) from immediate-release solid oral forms. It is useful to the formulation researchers to develop novel dosage forms based on modernistic rather than experimental approaches. The current review focuses on the fundamentals, objectives, guidance of BCS, characteristics of BCS drugs, their importance and applications of BCS. This review explains the challenges in drug development in terms of solubility and in vivo disposition. In the current review, new strategies for improving BCS II drug solubility as well as biopharmaceutical drug disposition properties which are utilized throughout the early stages of drug development and commercialization are mainly discussed.

Association between physical activity knowledge and attitude on diabetes among normal weight and overweight/obese type-2 diabetic patients: a rural community-based cross-sectional study.

Background: Physical activity is one of the most important regimens for the treatment of diabetes. Hence, we aimed to examine the association between physical activity knowledge (PAK), knowledge and attitude on diabetes among rural T2DM patients. Objectives: The PAK, knowledge and attitude on diabetes were targeted to evaluate in rural Indian T2DM patients. Methodology: A cross-sectional community-based survey was carried out with eighty-four patients with known T2DM in rural population of India. Results: Among 84 patients, 46 were overweight/obese and 38 patients with normal weight were participated in our study. The odds of smoking were found to be a significant socio-demographic risk factor (OR: 4.42, 95% CI 0.93-20.33 and P<0.001) compared to non-smokers. The PAK categories such as A, B & D had associated with BMI. The OR, 95% CI and P. Value are (5.610, 2.18-14.38 and P<0.001; 1.72, 0.72-4.12 and P 0.030; 2.55, 1.05-6.20 and P 0.047) except in category C. Iilliterates, low annual income, poor knowledge on T2DM and negative attitude, OR (4.50; 12.87; 10.80 and 47.66) were reported disagree or don't know with PAK questionnaire. Conclusion: The results have impact on the design of new education programs will assist in preventing and managing complications related to T2DM.

The role of body mass index or metabolic syndrome components causing depression in women: An observation from weight reduction clinical trial.

WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: Depression is most important psychological problem that is much prevalent in women than men. Obesity and depression are the leading causes of both physical and mental disability and the link between these disorders had not explored well. The present study evaluated the link between the depression, Body mass index (BMI) and the components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in subjects with, without insulin resistance. METHODS: A total of 150 subjects, vital and biochemical parameters were measured for eligible screened subjects in the trial of weight loss intervention at first visit. A self-reported Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) scale was used to assess the depression among the participants. The association of BMI and MetS components with risk of depression was analysed using multiple logistic regression analysis in subjects with and without insulin resistance. RESULTS: Obesity was associated with highly significant increase in risk of depression (OR = 13.01, 95% CI 4.40-38.49) as compared to overweight subjects. Female subjects with obesity had a greater risk for depression (ß: 3.725, OR: 42.62, 95% CI: 5.74-316.3 and p < 0.0001) than male subjects (ß: 1.922, OR: 6.83, 95% CI: 1.8-26 and p = 0.005), and it was statistically significant. There was no association between other models (IR and MetS) and depression in both genders (p < 0.05). WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: The odds of depression was 42.62 times more in obese women and 6.83 time more in obese men compared to overweight subjects. Subjects those who are having ≥3 metabolic syndrome (MetS) components, increased the risk of depression by 0.75 times in women and 1.50 times in men. In view of these results of our study, we conclude that the body mass index is an individual strong predictor of depression whereas metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance had no significant association with depression.

Effects of curcumin on pentylenetetrazole-induced anxiety-like behaviors and associated changes in cognition and monoamine levels

The purpose of the present study was to estimate the protective effects of curcumin against anxiety and memory impairment, which are often comorbid in patients with anxiety disorders who are on standard anxiolytic therapy. The effects of curcumin on brain monoamine levels were also determined. We used the elevated plus maze (EPM), a standard animal model of anxiety, to determine the effects of subacute administration (14 days) of curcumin at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg (p.o.) against pentylenetetrazole (PTZ; 20 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced anxiety-like behavior, followed by an evaluation of the effects of curcumin on cognitive deficits induced by PTZ using the passive avoidance retention task. Rats were exposed to the passive avoidance learning task before the initiation of treatment, and the effects on memory retention were studied 24 h after the EPM trial. A marked increase in the time spent in the open arms, an index of anxiety, and an increase in the step-down latency, an index of memory retention, were observed in curcumin-treated rats. Curcumin increased the levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine in various regions of the rat brain. These results confirm the anxiolytic and memory-retentive effects of curcumin, and alterations in brain monoamine levels may have contributed to the present findings.(AU)

Effects of curcumin on pentylenetetrazole-induced anxiety-like behaviors and associated changes in cognition and monoamine levels

The purpose of the present study was to estimate the protective effects of curcumin against anxiety and memory impairment, which are often comorbid in patients with anxiety disorders who are on standard anxiolytic therapy. The effects of curcumin on brain monoamine levels were also determined. We used the elevated plus maze (EPM), a standard animal model of anxiety, to determine the effects of subacute administration (14 days) of curcumin at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg (p.o.) against pentylenetetrazole (PTZ; 20 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced anxiety-like behavior, followed by an evaluation of the effects of curcumin on cognitive deficits induced by PTZ using the passive avoidance retention task. Rats were exposed to the passive avoidance learning task before the initiation of treatment, and the effects on memory retention were studied 24 h after the EPM trial. A marked increase in the time spent in the open arms, an index of anxiety, and an increase in the step-down latency, an index of memory retention, were observed in curcumin-treated rats. Curcumin increased the levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine in various regions of the rat brain. These results confirm the anxiolytic and memory-retentive effects of curcumin, and alterations in brain monoamine levels may have contributed to the present findings

Effect of curcumin on quinpirole induced compulsive checking: An approach to determine the predictive and construct validity of the model.

BACKGROUND: Disorders of anxiety vary in severity to a wide extent, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) persists as the fourth most common form of mental illness and is reported to be associated with memory impairment, necessitating effective means of treatment. AIM: To study the effect of curcumin on OCD. METHODS: The present study includes the determination of effect of curcumin at 5 and 10 mg/kg in quinpirole (0.5 mg/kg) -induced model of OCD, memory retention and brain monoamine levels in rats. RESULTS: A significant improvement from the obsessive-compulsive symptoms induced by quinpirole was observed in curcumin treated rats; curcumin showed a protective effect on memory task. An increase in serotonin levels and a decrease in the dopamine levels were observed in curcumin treated rats. CONCLUSION: Curcumin treatment had shown a protective effect in OCD with considerable influence on brain monoamine levels, thus providing an evidence for the predictive and construct validity of the model.